Camera Angles, Techniques and Movement

Techniques:

Zooming: Is used to focus on things from further away, or examine up closely.

I am going to use the technique of zooming in my film trailer in order to create atmosphere and tension, causing it to be more successful. I will do this by showing one part of an object, subject or person and slowly reveal more and more to create this tension.

180 Degree Rule: The 180° rule is a basic guideline in film making that states that two characters or subjects in the same scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. I could use this in my film trailer to allow the audience to see the same subject from different view points.

Camera Angles: The camera angle sets the specific location at which a camera is placed to take a shot. A scene may be shot from several camera angles and give a different experience to set the mood and importance.

Close Up Shot: In film, a close up shot tightly frames a person or an object. Close up shots are one of the standard shots used regularly with medium shots and long shots. Close up shots display the most detail, but they do not include the broader scene. Moving in to a close up shot or away from a close up shot is a common type of zooming technique.

I am going to use a close up shot in our film trailer as they expand the characters facial expression, allowing the audience to see and feel their emotion and therefore creating a bigger impact on the audience as well as creating atmosphere and tension. This will cause my film trailer to be more dramatic and successful

Medium Shot: In film, a medium shot is a camera shot from a medium distance. A medium shot is usually a shot of a person from the knees up/waist up, however in some standard texts and professional references, a full length view of a human subject is called a medium shot.

I am going to use a medium shot in our film trailer as they are relatively good at showing both the characters facial expression, and their body language - depending on where the character is placed in the shot. This again will create atmosphere and tension for our film trailer once again creating a professional and successful out coming. Using a medium shot allows the audience to see where the character is and what they are doing at a specific time.

Long Shot: A long shot typically shows the entire object or human figure and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings. A long shot is very similar and sometimes referred to as a "wide shot" because it often requires the use of a wide angle lens. A long shot allows the surroundings and everything on set to be seen and shown to the audience creating a realistic atmosphere and allowing the audience to gain knowledge of the surroundings.

I will use a long shot in our film trailer so that high action shots are placed to create atmosphere and tension for our opening scene, again causing it to be more dramatic and successful. We are also going to use a long shot to establish different locations in our film trailer, which all have significant importance to the rest of the film. This will hopefully interest the audience because they will want to know why our character is in these specific places, keeping the audience interested and hooked on what will happen throughout the film from start to finish.

Two Shot: A Two shot is a type of shot employed in the film industry in which the frame encompasses a view of two people (the subjects). The subjects do not have to be next to each other, and there are many common two-shots which have one subject in the foreground and the other subject in the background.

I am going to use a two shot in our film trailer to introduce another character to my film storyline. A two shot also allows me to show the audience the relationship between the two characters and how their relationship will show great importance throughout the film.

High Angle Shot: In film, a high angle shot is usually when the camera is located above the eye line. With this type of angle, the camera looks down on and over the subject.

I will be using a high angle shot in the film trailer in order to show the main character to the audience and convey the characters presence that they have. Using this shot will enable this character to be seen as the main and most important character in which the film is based around; this could cause sympathy and emotional feelings towards this person.

Low Angle shot: a low-angle shot is a shot from a camera positioned low on the vertical axis, anywhere below the eye line, looking up on a subject.

I will be using a low angle shot in the film trailer in order to empathise on a happening or character in an important part of the trailer. The use of a low angle on the character will make them appear more dominant, powerful or, alive than the other creating affect and fulfilling its purpose.

Movement

The following are some examples of common camera movements and how they can be used to shape meaning in films.

A crane shot (animation on right) is often used by composers of films to signify the end of a film or scene. The effect is achieved by the camera being put on a crane that can move upwards

 

(A crane shot)

A tracking shot and a dolly shot (animation on right) have the same effect. A tracking shot moves on tracks and a dolly shot is mounted on a trolley to achieve the effect in the example above. This camera movement is used in a number of ways but is most commonly used to explore a room such as a restaurant. By using a tracking shot or a dolly shot the composer of a film gives the viewer a detailed tour of a situation. It can also be used to follow a character.

Panning (animation on right) is used to give the viewer a panoramic view of a set or setting. This can be used to establish a scene

(A Panning shot)

Qualitative Audience Research

For this section of my audience feedback research, i have decided the best way to retrieve qualitative data, was to ask a same of people a set of questions based on a film trailer that i have provided. This allows the sample group to express their opinions instead of choosing from a closed set of answers. I have decided to ask those questions personally to the sample I will be providing and then record and analyse the audience’s answers.

I have chose to use the film trailer 'Saw', this is due to the fact that its genre is a crime, horror and the use of mystery. All three of these genre techniques and categories, I will be hoping to use in my own film trailer. I feel that because this film trailer 'saw' has a genre that links and relates to my film trailer, the qualitative data that I receive from the questions and analysis should relate with information i may need to consider for my own film trailer. Concluding that it will develop my understanding of the types of conventions and techniques used for film trailers with these types of genres.

Below is the film trailer for 'Saw' which i have embedded onto my blog from a horror movie trailer website:

Due to time constraints and the qualitative nature of this audience research I have limited the number of responses to three people, this is because the qualitative feedback is very large and the feedback I have received from the quantitative research has given me a large amount of data that is easily analysed; where as the qualitative data takes a long time to analyse and because of this I believe there is not enough time to collate any more results.

1) What genre/s do you think this film is? Please expand on your answer

2) Do you feel this film trailer was successful or not? Please explain your answer

3) What connotations would you place with the colour of the titles and mood of the trailer; do you feel this reflects the genre of the film?

4) Do the sound effects contribute to the creation of atmosphere and the tension in the film trailer? If yes: how? and does it reflect the genre?

5)  What themes do you think are present in this film trailer? do these themes reflect the genre of the film?

Active Audience Theory:Encoding – Decoding: Active Audience Theory

Encoding-Decoding is an active audience theory developed by Stuart Hall which examines the relationship between a text and its audience.

• Encoding  - is the process by which a text is constructed by its producers.
• Decoding - is the process by which the audience reads, understands and interprets a text

Reception Theory: Active Audience Theory 

Reception theory focuses on the role of the audience in the interpretation of a text, instead of on the text itself. Therefore the theory suggests that audiences play an active role in reading texts, that each person has the ability to interpret the same text differently, and that a text by itself – without a reader – has no specific meaning.

Conclusion

Genre - The use of specific themes is evident to portraying certain genres. In order for me to portray the genre in the film trailer I am going to produce then I need to create a storyline for the film which includes themes that best reflect each genre individually.

Sound Effects- Sound Effects are used to help promote different emotions and feelings upon an audience, therefore sound effects effectively help to produce the needed tone and atmosphere for both a film and a film trailer at key moments. From this I can conclude that I will need to use Sound effects to promote the type of emotions I want the audience to feel during the key moments, enabling the film trailer to be more of a success.

Titles - It is evident that an audience notices the colour of titles used in a film trailer. All colours have specific connotations that an audience link to the genre of the film that they are watching. Therefore it is important that I choose a colour for the titles that best represents the genre I am using.

Quantitative Audience Research

I have created a Quantitative Questionnaire in which all the questions have closed answers to fit in with the heading, quantitative research being found. Below is the Questionnaire which i created in word document, that then got handed out to people around and in the location of whittlesey with mixed age groups answering. The results were then put into excel and graphs and analysis was able to be made from this.

Questions were asked to random people around the school and people in the town centre of Whittlesey, this ensured that the results were fair and unbiased.

Results

1. 

From looking at the results of my graph and data collected you can tell that the number of males and females who answered the questions worked out to be equal meaning that my target audience responses will be equally divided.

2.

Looking at the results, you can easily identify that most of the people who answered my questionnaire fit into the age category '18-24,' with the age category '17 and under' following closely behind. Our questionnaire was asked to all varied different age groups in order for us to prevent retrieving a biased set of results. After analysing these results, I can come to the conclusion that film trailers are most commonly viewed by people that fit into the age category of '18-24,'  this tells me, that i should aim the film trailer at the younger audience. 

3.

Approximately 2/3rds of the people in my sample believe that key points of a film should be conveyed through titles. This is a common film trailer convention used with any genre film trailers. I should definitely consider using titles to convey key points of my film in my film trailer, to ensure that my film trailer will be satisfactory to existing trailers.  

4.

The answer for this questions were mixed however the same font was the largest proportioned question answered the most, this tells me that the audience don't want to be confused with different fonts and like a smart presentation, this will be taken into consideration when creating the trailer. The fact that the answers are all spread out and nearly equal, tells me that this information is not a certain must and need for a film trailer.



5.

The results of this question tells me that the audience want to be told the name of the film at the end or towards the end of the film trailer, this seems to be, as the audience want climax and action to take place first to get them into the trailer and then the film in which all of this action or happenings are taking place will be revealed and stuck in their head at the end.




6.

This question has a narrow favourite answer which is a voice over. An internal Monologue narration from a character is then closely second telling me that the audience like both of these features in a film trailer.




7.

This answer shows me clearly that the audience want a soundtrack in their film trailer and see it as very vital and important to attracting audiences to watch the film.




8.
 
This answer is also clear for me in what the audience want, which is a basic and obvious piece of information which gives them the details of when the film is released and able for viewing. The audience see this as a key aspect to have in a film trailer.


9.

Asking this question has allowed me to see that the audience want both a soundtrack and the use of effects in their film trailers, this tells me that this would be a good feature to use in my film trailer and if i want to attract the most audience then this is what i would have to do.




10.

The results of this show the least interest in option 'their name placed over footage from within the film' and equal interest in the remaining three options. This gives myself a option of 3 different techniques, all popular with the audience. Different styles and techniques will have to analysed to choose the correct option for my film trailer.




11.

All three choices are very common techniques used in film trailers for any genre of film. From obvservation you can see that most of the people in my sample like to see a film trailer that builds to a climax where it ends, closely followed by being structured around the most appealing aspects of the film.  With all of these techniques being common conventions of film trailers, it would make sense for myself to try incorporate all three techniques into the film trailer that i am going to make. Although this will be my aim, after analysing the results from this question i feel that i should focus mainly on involving the two choices into our film trailer that were most selected.


12.

This questions results seem to suggest that people when watching a film trailer would they like to see a basic narrative structure of the film, this is so that they can enroll into the trailer and understand the basic storyline to give them a good idea of what the film will be about and after watching the film trailer, whether or not it is a film they want to see.

Conclusion:

After analysing each question from my questionnaire thoroughly, I can come to the conclusion that i now understand more about what an audience wants to see in a film trailer for any genre of film. I feel that i have a wide knowledge of what conventions are commonly used in existing media products, and which of these an audience prefers. I will now be able to consider the use of these techniques in my own media product in order for my media products to compete with what is already out there on offer, and  meet the audiences expectations of a film trailer. This will hopefully cause myself to create a sucessful film trailer that meets its purpose. 

Types Of Research (Qualitative and Quantitative )

There are two ways in which we could find more information and increase our research, this can be done by using either 'Qualitative' or 'Quantitative' methods of research.

What is Qualitative Data?

Qualitative methods are ways of collecting data which are concerned with describing meaning, rather than with drawing statistical inferences. What qualitative methods (e.g. case studies and interviews) lose on reliability they gain in terms of validity. They provide a more in depth and rich description.

What is Quantitative Data?

The term quantitative data is used to describe a type of information that can be counted or expressed numerically. This type of data is often collected in media through large samples and structured questionnaires. involving set closed questions where set answers have to be given back, allowing this to them be calculated and collected easily.

Quantitative data can be represented visually in graphs, tables and charts.



These are the comparisons of Qualitative and Quantitative Research:

Both types of methods of research will enable me to maximise the making of a film trailer and make sure that using both methods the audience is happy with the outcome. 

Film Trailer Conventions

Film Trailer ConventionsFilm

Film trailers usually have recognisable features in which an audience would would be able to realise that they were watching a film trailer. Some of these conventions for film trailers are listed below:

Conventions:

• Voice overs are used to tell the story and give information
• The main characters of the film are showcased
• Key points are sometimes conveyed through bold headings
• Conversations between characters often consist of one-liners, which are short and exciting 
• Dramatic camera angles may be chosen to show events or characters
• Music plays an important role in creating atmosphere and setting the mood
• The film's title may not appear until the end
• The trailer builds to a climax where it ends and what is to come 
• Montage (a series of shorts from different points in the film , edited together) is often used to highlight the most important, dramatic, exciting points of the film

Structural Conventions:

• Structured around the most appealing aspects of a film without taking conventional narrative order into consideration,
• A selection of clips are chosen to attract the widest possible audience,
• Aim to provide a basic narrative structure in order to guide an audience through the film's storyline.

Opening: establishes setting and introduces the characters.

Build-up: Relationships are established, development of characters and their world.

Problem:  A series of complications, characters faced with these and have deal and get over them.

Events: Different varied events as characters try to overcome obstacles and solve problems which are in their way. Further complications may arise in the process of trying to do so.

Film Trailer Deconstructions

The Last Exorcism Trailer

The last exorcism is a film told from the prospective of a delusional evangelical minister who after years of performing exorcisms decides to participate in a documentary chronicling his last exorcism while exposing the fraud of his ministry. After receiving a letter from a local farmer asking for help in driving out the devil, he meets the farmer afflicted daughter.

Mise en Scene

The mise en scene deals with many aspects of the trailer such as location, props, costumes, make-up etc. In terms of the location, it is a very rural remote place that looks slightly run down as represented by the derelict-looking house and the fields as well as the barn. The film is hosted in America in a lower/working class environment. In terms of costume and props, a lot of it represents religious ideologies such as the bible, priest outfitting, crucifix, holy water, the devil etc. Other props included are props such as guns, cars, farming equipment etc, of which all represent a stereotypical lifestyle of a working class farmer.

The verb exorcism means "the attempted expulsion of an evil spirit" which then links to the bible as being possessed by the devil. This film promotes the biblical ideologies of good and evil, God and the Devil. The farmers daughter that has been possessed by the evil spirit and is bed ridden and wears an evening gown which has a semantic field with hospitals and their gowns so this can represent illness and death. The costume is all very stereotypical for example the farmer wears an open, usually scruffy shirt with a pair of jeans and boots which represents lower working class. Make-up is used specifically for the girl to show when she is possessed as her pigment in her face turns to pale white and her eyes and mouth become very red, also blood is part of the make-up not only on the characters faces but on the girls blouse.

Camera Shots

There are many medium, close up and long shots used in the trailer. For example there is a panning long shot when the priest drives past a derelict, haunted looking house. This sets the mood, scenery and location of which the priest is about to enter. At the beginning of the film there is a point-of-view shot of someone looking out the window at the priest praying. This is mysterious as we (the viewers) do not know who is gazing at the priest and it influences imagery, some may think its the possessed girl some may even think its a nosey neighbour. There is filming (camera shot and angle) in the jeep that almost puts the viewer next to the character in the film. This is affective as it feels like you are in the jeep with the priest and experiencing first hand what he is going through. There is a high angle close up when the possessed girl is on the floor in the barn, it shows her terrified facial expressions and the high angle has an effect of showing that the girl is in a vulnerable state. Approaching the end of the trailer there is a montage of rapid close-ups of the farmers, priests and girls face to build suspense and tension of not knowing what is happening or going to happen.

Editing

Throughout the movie trailer there are many rapid cuts from shot to shot. In the opening 16seconds of the trailer there are 10cuts of which creates pace, interest and suspense. The fast cuts alternate from location, characters and props such as the crucifix. There is also graphic editing towards the end of the trailer, there are shots of the possessed girl with colour distortion and camera distortion giving an effect of evil and supernatural "species". Editing can also include chiaroscuro lighting, this is used in a shot of the girl, she is brightly lit, but the back ground is dark. The bright light may have connotations that there is "light at the end of the tunnel" in other words there is some sort of Godly presence as represented by the white gown and lighting as well as there being the darkness of the room and location behind her. This shot is also copied when looking at the priest which may represent that he is the saviour. Non diegetic plays from the beginning of the trailer, orchestral music with high pitches and tones haunts the trailer as well as the non diegetic voice over the priest giving an effect of a documentary. In the voice over the person says "if you believe in God, you believe in the Devil" of which sums up the storyline in a sentence as is also an issue that arrises in the bible with the idea of good and evil, God and the Devil. There is also diegetic sounds that play throughout such as screaming, shouting, loud bangs, a gun being reloaded etc. By the use of keeping both non-diegetic sounds and diegetic sounds playing throughout the trailer, its causes a lot of noise therefore creates an uncomfortable atmosphere.

Genre

Undoubtably this is a Horror movie that provokes the emotion of fear through a malevolent presence possessing a girl. This films deals with  ideologies of good and evil, the devil possesses a girl and as there are many reported stories of exorcism it bring the horror film to reality and adds that extra dose of fear as it could actually happen in the minds of the viewers. In terms of sub genres this can be easily categorised into Religion as the devil is the key villain that is causing all the pain.

Insidious Trailer

I am going to be analysing a horror-film trailer. I will be looking at many things such as the:
Iconography
Mise en scene
Editing
Camera Angle (and positioning)
Lighting etc.
I will be looking at how all of these contribute to the typical conventions of a horror movie and what the audience expect to see.

Mise en scene

In terms of the mise en scene, this covers many aspects that a conventional horror film will include such as the props, costume, location, people etc. The trailer consists of a typical location, a middle class house in a nice, respectable, quiet neighbourhood occupied by a regular loving family. This house is out the norm though, being inhabited by a demon. The use of beds, windows, chairs and hospital equipment are used throughout the trailer. The windows and beds are used to create fear for when the demons presence is about. The windows, beds and doors slam to provoke fear and a "jumpy" and "creepy" scene to the audience. The bed is a key prop as this aids the plot of the film, in order for the demon to get into the mortal realm, he must pass via the child's body when he is sleeping. This has many connotations as beds are recognised to be a place of rest, peace, safety and comfort but in this film it represents the bed as being the complete opposite. Hospital equipment is used to represent death and pain as the parents believed he was in a coma due to an unknown cause after being perfectly healthy the day before.

Other props that aid the representation of childhood are things such as toys, baby monitors and a rocking horse. These things can be modified to the advantage of a horror genre. Toys and baby monitors can show a ghostly/evil presence by getting them to move or be played with or a voice played through the baby monitor. This is very powerful in provoking the audiences emotions. To keep your children safe is a parental instinct, so to hear a supernatural voice coming through the speakers where the baby should be, can be terrifying. A rocking horse is used in many films as it is an object that many can relate to in their own childhood, this is commonly used to show a ghostly presence as it rocks back and forth.


Camera Shots

There is a vast variety of camera shots used in the trailer of Insidious. They all are used to build pace and tension as well as represent a certain thing such as a close up of the metronome of which is used in the film to hynotize the father. There is an eye-line medium closeup of the distressed father which is a very powerful shot as it shows the characters facial expressions and emotions aswell as giving the affect that he is looking straight at you. It is also very affective as it opposes stereotypes that stereotypically males are supposed to be stong and protective but here he is clearly vulnerable and distressed.

There is a montage of shots when the child is in hospital. It begins with a close up of the distressed couple and then changes to an over-the-shoulder long shot of the child in the hospital bed. A hospital has connotations of death, pain and illness so seeing the couples gaze at their injured child can actually cause other people to emphasise with them as a parental instinct. There is an eye-line pan when the mother is investigating the rooms as she senses a presence, the camera angle is from her perspective and the pan represents her head movement as she gazes at one room and then to another. This creates suspense as the audience can only see what the character is seeing so it puts you in her perspective that creates a creepy tension.

There are many fast shots of extreme close ups later on in the trailer to show the characters terrified facial expressions and also some of the costumes and make up of the demons but the extreme close up as a very fast cut only leaves the viewer with a mental image of the demon actually looks like and this can vary on each viewers perception which then influences social interaction.

Editing

In the opening scene the cuts start off slowly cutting from firstly the film studio (Film District) to the fathers distressed face and then to the metronome. From here the cuts then become rapid showing many things such as locations, costumes, character expressions, make-up of demons etc. In the first 31seconds of the trailer there is 18cuts showing many important scenes of the film. It introduces the location, the characters, the demons etc. Throughout the trailer is cuts from the film to the insidious logo that continuously flashes and cross dissolves. The words "Insidious is" cross fades and changes place for example, "Insidious is...Is Insidious". This is a powerful technique.

The definition of Insidious is: "proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, causing harmful affects". As the words cross dissolves into each other its says Insidious is Insidious representing the film to start in a subtle way but gradually will enhance the feeling of fear.

There is many diegetic sounds throughout the trailer such as loud collisions, screaming, slamming of doors etc, but there is a diegetic sound of which transitions into a non-diegetic sound and plays throughout the trailer. There is a medium shot of a metronome of which is used to hypnotise the father, the onomatopoeic sound of the "tick tock" then plays throughout the trailer, this creates an image that "time is limited" as sound mimics the sound a clock.

Genre

This film trailer is certainly a horror film as it has all the typical conventions that the audience would expect. Horror films can then be categorised into sub-genres, this film deals with demons, spirits, and a sci-fi parallel universe so it has many sub genres such as religious due to the devil/demons but as it has a science fiction input it is very hard to categorise this film as it deals with many sub genres.


The Human Centipede

The human centipede is a story of a German doctor who kidnaps three tourists and joins them surgically, mouth to anus, forming a "human centipede". It stars Dieter Laser as the villain, Dr. Heiter, with Ashley C. Williams, Ashlynn Yennie, and Akihiro Kitamura as his victims. Six also stated that inspiration for the film came from Nazi medical experiments carried out during World War II, such as the actions of Josef Mengele at Auschwitz concentration camp.

Mise en scene

The human centipede is very typical, not particulary in the storyline but in the props and location used to create the predicament that the three tourists get into. Firstly they use phones to firstly communicate to each other which represents contemporary society with the technological advancement of society. When they have met they travel by a car going through the woods, the car then recieves a punctured tyre and the girls are left stranded. The props used in the opening sequence are unlucky props of which is how the story begins and the girls fate is decided. By the terms "unlucky props" i mean the broken cars, broken telephones etc.

Due to being left stranded in the woods with no mobile phone or mode of transport they are unable to escape, which by its self gives a sense of horror, everyone's worst nightmare is to be left stranded in the woods so the audience can relate to them. The woodland location that the girls are stranded in is very typical, the "woods" or "woodland" has connotations of darkness, evil, mysterious and unknown. The location that they end up is a dutch neighbourhood, this gives the sense that they are vulnerable as they are American tourists, do not know the area and can't even speak the language in order to seek assistance. In terms of costumes, everything is relatively stereotypical, the young American tourists are in dresses and heels ready to go out and the surgeon that they come across is wearing a shirt and trousers so everything is pretty regular.

Further on in the trailer, occupation costumes are also very stereotypical, as the man is a surgeon is dressed in a long white jacket that u would see many sergeons wear. The occupation of a "surgeon" is commonly seen as heros and they perform operations that save peoples lives, but in this movie, he performs an operation that is more of a twisted experiment that puts each of their lives in jerperdy. In terms of the props used by the surgeon it is all very stereotypical to his professions, hospital and operative equipment such as knives, saws, saringes, hopsital beds etc.

There are iconic colours and props used throughout the trailer, when the girls first meet the surgeon, he is in a black shirt. The colour black has connotations of darkness and evil. One of the women is dressed in grey, this may appear to be slightly ambiguous. As white has connotations of heaven, purity and justice and on the other hand black has connotations of darkness and evil, grey may appear to represent something in between the both of those, almost an idea of pergatory and that her fate is undecided. There are also iconic props of horror movies such as knives that are present in this trailer.

Camera Shots

The trailer is fairly long with it being over 3 minutes. The beggining of the trailer starts off with limited cuts but the pace increases with rapid close up cuts. During a period of 20seconds there is 13 cuts which alternates from close up to medium shots of the characters and props used in the trailer. The fast cuts seem to give the viewer an idea of the climax of the film, also as the cuts are very fast it builds suspense and tension to what is happening. There is a mixture of title slides throughout that almost tell the storyline.

There is a closeup of a man with his mouth tied which then turns to an extreme close up of his eyes, this is to show his facial expressions as he is extremely distressed and terrified. Throughout the trailer it alternates from long shots to medium shots to close ups of which gives us a sense of the location and the facial expressions, this is used to build an atmosphere and imagery.

There is a long shot of the car driving through the woods and then a close up of the punctured tyre, this has been put there so we fully understand the situation and what has happened. When the surgeon opens the door to the 2 helpless American tourists, there is an over the shoulder shot, this is very affective in enforcing the storyline. This camera angle may represent that he is now in control of the situation. When the surgeon is walking down the stairs there is a high angled pan of which is also a tilt. This has many connotations. As he is walking down it may represent that he is evil and going beneath ground level of which promotes religious ideologies of hell. A low angel medium shot is also very affective where the dimented sergeon is in his sergical outfit holding a saringe, the low angle gives him the representation of being powerful and fully in control.

Editing

At the beginning of the trailer there aren't many cuts, this is to show the storyline aswell as it promoting ideas that everything is regular with a slow pace. This then dramatically increases to influence tension and atmosphere, the quick cuts create pace of which makes the audience feel on edge and its signifies the extent of where the climax happens.

There is no continuity as this will slow the trailer down, they want to create a fast pace with a scary atmosphere to draw the target audience in. The technique used in order to do this is called jump cutting. Cross shots are another technique that is used in the trailer to merge scenes together in order to create almost a short story to the trailer, although the events may not happen like that in the film, it is created in the trailer to add a more dramatic storyline.

Throughout the trailer it fades out from black. The colour black has many connotations in itself promoting ideologies of evil and darkness. The fade out from black shows how the story line is evolving. The fade out from black constantly goes to a screen of writing of which narrates the the storyline for example "the demented surgeon...to perform the unspeakable".

Throughout the trailer there is a mixture of diegetic and non-diegetic sound. The diegetic sound is offered through the voices of the characters which includes; conversations, screaming, whispering etc. The Non-diegetic sound is offered through the backing track, this also influences drama and tension as well as pace to the trailer.

All of this creates an atmosphere of fear.

Genre

The genre is obviously horror as the film is all about provoking fear. It also fits into a slight sub-genre of sci-fi as it deals with subjects that have never been performed in today's society excluding the Nazi' era.

Film trailers consist of many, rapid cuts from scene to scene showing the mise-en-scene of this film.

Graphics of which is enhanced by costume and make-up is also a type of editing, to create a demons presence graphics, In this trailer there is a quick shot of the demon floating.

Genre Choice

Genre is an extremely important topic to consider in the film marketing industry as the audiences decision on whether to go see the film or not, will often depend on whether they enjoyed past experiences of watching films that have similar genres.

Genre is key to the audience and key to what they aspect to happen or be in the film, this for example, if your genre is horror then the audience will expect blood and violence and this is a usual occurrence in a horror film.

Genre can affect the form, structure, style and content of a film, for example when a film is being created and when we as a group create a trailer, deciding on a genre will determine some aspects that should be incorporated